Computer Operating System, What is,Type, Features & Use

 

 Meaning of Computer Operating System :-

To promote a computer, an operating system is required.  Also, the operating system is an important part of the computer, which executes all other programs in the computer.  Any program comes in contact with the operating system before coming into contact with the computer machine.  The operating system Ek master control program hai, which operates the computer and plays the role of an efficient controller.

 Definitions of Computer Operating System :-

 The following are the main definitions of computer operating systems.

 1. Computer operating system is one such group of software programs.  Which communicates between humans, application software and computer hardware.  The operating system is a program that instructs the various parts of the computer that such processing work is successful.

 2. The operating system is a software that works like a user and computer hardware ke bich Ek Madhyam.

 3. To ensure adequate utilization of the capacity of all hardware resources, the operating system functions like an instrument manager.

 Types of Computer Operating System :-

Operating systems can be divided into the following major parts based on their functions.

Batch Processing Operating System :-

In this type of operating system, all the same tasks are organized as a batch and execute together.  In this type of operating system, batch monitor software is used for tasks that do not require user intervention.  These operating systems are used in numerical analysis, bill printing, payroll etc.

 Such as - DOS, Unix etc.

Single User Operating System :-

In this type of operating system, only one user is allowed to work at a time.  It is the most commonly used operating system;

 Example- MS-DOS, Windows 9X

 Multi User Operating System :-

This operating system allows more than one user to work at a time. It balances all the users and meets the resource related needs of each program.  These operating systems make the most use of computer resources.

Multitasking Operating System :-

This operating system has the ability to perform more than one function.  In this, user can easily switch between two functions.

The multitasking operating system is divided into two parts.

(1) Preemptive Multitasking Operating System :-

 Many computer programs and hardware devices share and use this type of operating system.  It divides all its computation time between tasks.  And on the basis of a predetermined criterion, execution of a new task starts even by stopping the execution of the previous work.

 For example - OS / 2, Windows 95 / NT etc.

(2) Co-Operative Multitasking Operating System :-

 This is the simplest form of multitasking.  In this operating system, a program uses the CPU as long as it is needed.  If one program is not using the CPU, it allows the other program to temporarily use the CPU.

 Examples - Mas Os, MS-Windows 3-x

Time Sharing Operating System

:-

In this type of operating system, more than one user or program simultaneously uses the computer's resources.  In this task, the computer allocates a small amount of time to each user or program to use its resources, which is called Time slice or Quantum.  This type of operating system requires time management.  Correct memory management is necessary in this operating system, as many programs are present in the main memory simultaneously.  In this system, all programs are brought to the main memory in turn by time slice.  And the time slices are sent to the memory on completion.  This type of process is called Swapping.

Example- Mac Os

 Real Time Operating System :-

This operating system is one such operating system.  In which real-time application is implemented;  For example, the auto-pilot mechanism used in aircraft can be used to output the output of one program like the output of another program;  For this reason, delay in the execution of the first program may stop the execution of the second program and the result.  In the real time operating system, a dateline for completing any given task is given, and that task has to be completed within this set time.

 Examples- Lixus OS etc.

The real time operating system is divided into two parts.

(i) Hard Real Time System :- This system guarantees timely completion of an important task.  The execution of the program fails in time when the work gets old.

(ii) Soft Real Time System :- In this system also, a deadline is given to complete a task, but in this type of system, the execution of work can be completed before and after the deadline, but still the execution of the work does not fail.

Functions of Computer Operating System :-

The operating system plays an important role in the process of computer's Safal sanchalan.  Its main functions are of four types, which are as follows.

1. Processing Management :-

 The operating system manages the central processing unit of the computer.  This management is done in such a way that all programs are executed one by one.  The operating system divides the time of all programs for a central processing unit (CPU).

2. Memory Management: -

The program performs the important function of operating system memory management for Safal execution.  Under which some spaces in computer memory are preserved, which are partitioned between programs.  And at the same time it is kept in mind that programs can get different places of memory.  While inputting and outputing any program, storing data and information in its designated location ka karya bhi operating system ka hi hota hai.

3. Input Output Management: -

 The operating system also has the function of reading the data from the input unit, storing it at the appropriate place in the memory and transmitting the received result from the memory to the output unit.

 Bios (Basic Input Output System) is used for this.  This includes boot firmware and power management.  While writing the program, the computer is only told what to input and what to take output, the rest of the work is done by the operating system.

4. File Management: -

 The operating system provides the facility to store files in a systematic manner.  During execution of a program, the operating system also performs the task of reading it from secondary memory and inserting it into primary memory.

What is Windows :-

  The Windows operating system is the result of research work done on the graphical user interface The topic was researched by M / s Xerox Corporation in the early 1980.

 Research has proved that any hand held instrument;  For example, it is much easier to communicate with the computer through pictures by mouse.

The company first developed a computer called Xerox Star with this feature.  But the real popularity of graphical user interface was brought to market by Apple Computer.  Received by Macintosh Computer |  It had an entire operating system called Mac, based on graphical user interface. After this, Microsoft Corporation also developed its operating system based on graphical user interface, which resulted in Windows coming to light.  Its version of Windows 3.0 was very successful on early personal computers.  Later several versions came to light.  Windows became the most popular operating system in the late 1980.

 It was officially approved and used by IBM (International Business Machine) Company.  Nowadays Windows operating system is available on almost all IBM and its equivalent personal computer.

 Windows XP :-

It is a very effective and excellent operating system.  Windows XP uses the code base of Windows 2000.  This is one such operating system.  Which controls the entire working of the computer.  Windows XP ensures that all parts of the computer are functioning smoothly to their full potential.

 Microsoft has redesigned the entire Windows interface to create Windows.  The user interface of Windows XP has also been improved in such a way that it allows us to easily access our programs and data.  Its menu and windows have been given a more modern look.

Loading Windows XP : -

If Windows XP has been installed on your computer, then it is quite easy to load Windows.  In fact, on booting the computer, it boots like a Windows machine, because the boot record has been repaired.  As soon as the computer is booted, the first 'Starting Windows XP ..' message appears on the screen.

 Shortly after this, if the user is the only user to his computer, then he will be automatically locked with the computer user ke username.  If it has many users, you will be the first one ie the default user will log on.  If a password has also been set for the username, the user must type his password before starting any work.  Once logged on, the Windows desktop will appear on your screen like the following picture.